As we prepare for the great Feast of Pentecost, it is important to understand why this conclusion to Eastertide is so significant.
Western Christianity has often had difficulty articulating the meaning and role of the third Person of the Holy Trinity. This had led to distortions in our faith, particularly those groups that treat the Holy Spirit as either somehow an “independent operator,” essentially outside (or even seemingly opposed to) the Church, or those who call in the Holy Spirit to support any position or trend in church or society they support.
St. Cyril of Alexandria, writing in the fifth century, grounds his understanding firmly in the Scriptures, and finds there the Spirit’s provision of the means of communion with Christ, and through Christ, the Father. When Christ ascends to the Father, and humanity is brought to the Divine Life, the gift of the Spirit may be given. This leads to our becoming "sharers in the divine nature through the Word." Here is sound, biblical, teaching that is also dynamic, exciting, and mystical.
The gift of the Holy Spirit provides for an entirely new kind of life. In place of the pagan (and secular) search for autonomy, we are given the life of communion. In place of our own personal limitations, we are given a share in the unending stream of grace—grace which transforms us more into our true selves. This would never be possible without the Spirit received in holy baptism.
Finally, Pentecost points us to the Church’s mission: to glorify God the Holy Trinity by restoring all people to unity with God and each other in Christ. This mission cannot be served by selfish, death-centered individuals, or a self-serving “institution.” It can only be lived out by those who have traded one form of existence (based in fear and death) for another (based in love and eternal life).
Western Christianity has often had difficulty articulating the meaning and role of the third Person of the Holy Trinity. This had led to distortions in our faith, particularly those groups that treat the Holy Spirit as either somehow an “independent operator,” essentially outside (or even seemingly opposed to) the Church, or those who call in the Holy Spirit to support any position or trend in church or society they support.
St. Cyril of Alexandria, writing in the fifth century, grounds his understanding firmly in the Scriptures, and finds there the Spirit’s provision of the means of communion with Christ, and through Christ, the Father. When Christ ascends to the Father, and humanity is brought to the Divine Life, the gift of the Spirit may be given. This leads to our becoming "sharers in the divine nature through the Word." Here is sound, biblical, teaching that is also dynamic, exciting, and mystical.
The gift of the Holy Spirit provides for an entirely new kind of life. In place of the pagan (and secular) search for autonomy, we are given the life of communion. In place of our own personal limitations, we are given a share in the unending stream of grace—grace which transforms us more into our true selves. This would never be possible without the Spirit received in holy baptism.
Finally, Pentecost points us to the Church’s mission: to glorify God the Holy Trinity by restoring all people to unity with God and each other in Christ. This mission cannot be served by selfish, death-centered individuals, or a self-serving “institution.” It can only be lived out by those who have traded one form of existence (based in fear and death) for another (based in love and eternal life).
From a commentary on the Gospel of John by St. Cyril of Alexandria, bishop
After Christ had completed his mission on earth, it still remained necessary for us to become sharers in the divine nature of the Word. We had to give up our own life and be so transformed that we would begin to live an entirely new kind of life that would be pleasing to God. This was something we could do only by sharing in the Holy Spirit.
It was most fitting that the sending of the Spirit and his descent upon us should take place after the departure of Christ our Saviour. As long as Christ was with them in the flesh, it must have seemed to believers that they possessed every blessing in him; but when the time came for him to ascend to his heavenly Father, it was necessary for him to be united through his Spirit to those who worshipped him, and to dwell in our hearts through faith. Only by his own presence within us in this way could he give us confidence to cry out, Abba, Father, make it easy for us to grow in holiness and, through our possession of the all-powerful Spirit, fortify us invincibly against the wiles of the devil and the assaults of men.
It can easily be shown from examples both in the Old Testament and the New that the Spirit changes those in whom he comes to dwell; he so transforms them that they begin to live a completely new kind of life. Saul was told by the prophet Samuel: The Spirit of the Lord will take possession of you, and you shall be changed into another man. Saint Paul writes: As we behold the glory of the Lord with unveiled faces, that glory, which comes from the Lord who is the Spirit, transforms us all into his own likeness, from one degree of glory to another.
Does this not show that the Spirit changes those in whom he comes to dwell and alters the whole pattern of their lives? With the Spirit within them it is quite natural for people who had been absorbed by the things of this world to become entirely other-worldly in outlook, and for cowards to become men of great courage. There can be no doubt that this is what happened to the disciples. The strength they received from the Spirit enabled them to hold firmly to the love of Christ, facing the violence of their persecutors unafraid. Very true, then, was our Saviour’s saying that it was to their advantage for him to return to heaven: his return was the time appointed for the descent of the Holy Spirit.
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