Thursday, October 10, 2013

Reform & Laughter: The Cycles of Corruption and Renewal in Faith



The king commanded the high priest Hilkiah, the priests of the second order, and the guardians of the threshold, to bring out of the temple of the LORD all the vessels made for Baal, for Asherah, and for all the host of heaven; he burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron, and carried their ashes to Bethel. He deposed the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had ordained to make offerings in the high places at the cities of Judah and around Jerusalem; those also who made offerings to Baal, to the sun, the moon, the constellations, and all the host of the heavens. He brought out the image of Asherah from the house of the LORD, outside Jerusalem, to the Wadi Kidron, burned it at the Wadi Kidron, beat it to dust and threw the dust of it upon the graves of the common people. He broke down the houses of the male temple prostitutes that were in the house of the LORD, where the women did weaving for Asherah. He brought all the priests out of the towns of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had made offerings, from Geba to Beer-sheba; he broke down the high places of the gates that were at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on the left at the gate of the city. The priests of the high places, however, did not come up to the altar of the LORD in Jerusalem, but ate unleavened bread among their kindred.  He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of Ben-hinnom, so that no one would make a son or a daughter pass through fire as an offering to Molech.  He removed the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, at the entrance to the house of the LORD, by the chamber of the eunuch Nathan-melech, which was in the precincts; then he burned the chariots of the sun with fire.  The altars on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars that Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, he pulled down from there and broke in pieces, and threw the rubble into the Wadi Kidron.   
2 Kings 23:4-12 (NRSV)


The Daily Office lessons from Scripture, though usually not intended to work together on a common "theme," often provide fascinating, Spirit-directed insights in the most surprising ways, instructing those with ears to hear about the task of living faithfully in our own day even as the events of a distant time and place are unrolled before us.

The lesson from 2 Kings depicts the specifics of King Josiah’s religious reform. In this passage, the mechanics of the task of ridding the Southern Kingdom (and parts of the former Northern Kingdom, later on in the reading) of the whole apparatus of idolatry and unabashed rebellion against God are gone through in detail. As the litany rolls on, a sorry and shameful picture emerges: much as the prophet Samuel predicted centuries before, the era of the Kings became a slide into non-observance, syncretism, and moral corruption.

Much like a report from a HAZMAT site, the editor of 2 Kings carefully details the multitude of transgressions that had long festered in the heart of Israel: the worship of other gods, the indulgence in vice and violence, the studied turning away from God’s revealed will to embrace a culture of spiritual convenience, magic, and hedonism. The result was a sickened, blighted society so vitiated by injustice that even this mighty reform was not enough to save it. Though Josiah is accorded great respect in the Scriptures, the lesson remains: sin-sickness has consequences.

Now concerning spiritual gifts, brothers and sisters, I do not want you to be uninformed. You know that when you were pagans, you were enticed and led astray to idols that could not speak. Therefore I want you to understand that no one speaking by the Spirit of God ever says "Let Jesus be cursed!" and no one can say "Jesus is Lord" except by the Holy Spirit.
1 Corinthians 12:1-3 (NRSV)


We see this not only in nations or Empires, but in the Church, as well. There are times when the deception of evil and the willful participation by members of Christ’s Body in evil’s delusion takes hold; we read of periods when simple faith in God is denigrated by “sophisticates” puffed up with a spurious religious “knowledge,” or when the leaders of the Church publish books, hold seminars, promote minions, and preach sermons denigrating the Faith given us by God.

Eventually, we experience seasons when, as St. Paul remarks in the lesson from 1 Corinthians today, these people—in effect—say “Jesus be cursed” as they omit whatever displeases them in the Gospel, and twist what remains to suit their tastes and desires. Such a house, divided against itself, cannot stand. Like Jerusalem of old, it is poised for a fall no matter how much is spent on its defense, “re-invention,” or institutional grandeur. Sin-sickness has its consequences.

While he was saying these things to them, suddenly a leader of the synagogue came in and knelt before him, saying, "My daughter has just died; but come and lay your hand on her, and she will live." And Jesus got up and followed him, with his disciples. Then suddenly a woman who had been suffering from hemorrhages for twelve years came up behind him and touched the fringe of his cloak, for she said to herself, "If I only touch his cloak, I will be made well." Jesus turned, and seeing her he said, "Take heart, daughter; your faith has made you well." And instantly the woman was made well. When Jesus came to the leader's house and saw the flute players and the crowd making a commotion, he said, "Go away; for the girl is not dead but sleeping." And they laughed at him. But when the crowd had been put outside, he went in and took her by the hand, and the girl got up. And the report of this spread throughout that district.
Matthew 9:18-26 (NRSV)


The sign that the time is ripe for authentic renewal is also provided in today’s lessons. When Christ tells the assembled party of mourners that he will restore the girl to life, they laugh at him (the King James Version, interestingly, better preserves the sense of the original text, by translating it as they laughed him to scorn). In other words, death and its apparatus was completely in charge: no one could imagine anything changing this, and Jesus’ words of hope were rejected out of hand, the people forgetting their sorrow to mock one who dared speak of life rather than death. It is precisely in such circumstances that God often chooses to act.

And it is precisely in this circumstance, I believe, we find ourselves today.

It is a “day of small things” in much American life today, the Church included. Many Baals are worshipped, even in the sanctuaries of God. Many words are written and spoken dismissing the revealed will of God. But Christ comes into our midst to heal, to raise, and to judge. The “report is spreading through the district” of this mysterious holy man who is changing lives, raising the dead, and upsetting the mighty.

As Josiah’s reformation began with the accidental finding of the Book of the Law when cleaning the Temple's dusty treasury, so renewal in our time will begin in the lost, forgotten, marginal places of an Empire of Sin. It always does.

Sin-sickness has its consequences; but God has the victory. Of this, we may be assured at every moment in the cycle of corruption and renewal, of hope and grief, of faithfulness and waste. Trust in it.


A Prayer for the Church
Father, we pray for thy holy Catholic Church. Fill it with all truth, in all truth with all peace. Where it is corrupt, purify it; where it is in error, direct it; where in any thing it is amiss, reform it. Where it is right, strengthen it; where it is in want, provide for it; where it is divided, reunite it; for the sake of Jesus Christ thy Son our Savior.  Amen.



Monday, September 30, 2013

Michaelmas and the Renewal of Religious Imagination



Then I saw in the right hand of the one seated on the throne a scroll written on the inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals; and I saw a mighty angel proclaiming with a loud voice, ‘Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?’ And no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to look into it. And I began to weep bitterly because no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to look into it. Then one of the elders said to me, ‘Do not weep. See, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and its seven seals.’   
Then I saw between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders a Lamb standing as if it had been slaughtered, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth. He went and took the scroll from the right hand of the one who was seated on the throne. When he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell before the Lamb, each holding a harp and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. They sing a new song:

‘You are worthy to take the scroll

   and to open its seals,

for you were slaughtered and by your blood you ransomed for God

   saints from every tribe and language and people and nation; 

you have made them to be a kingdom and priests serving our God,

   and they will reign on earth.’   
Then I looked, and I heard the voice of many angels surrounding the throne and the living creatures and the elders; they numbered myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, singing with full voice,
‘Worthy is the Lamb that was slaughtered
to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might
and honor and glory and blessing!’ 
Then I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all that is in them, singing,
‘To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb
be blessing and honor and glory and might
for ever and ever!’ 
And the four living creatures said, ‘Amen!’ And the elders fell down and worshipped.  
 Revelation 5:1-14 


A good friend of mine was telling me recently about growing up in a different form of Christianity, where the emphasis was on a very literal interpretation of the Sacred Scriptures. He remarked on a phrase occasionally heard in those years: the Bible is the textbook for Christian life.

What seemed puzzling to him was how much of the Bible was not like any textbook he had ever before encountered. In fact, he began to think—rather secretly—that God could have written a far better form of textbook for Christians, if that was the Bible’s purpose. He kept such thoughts to himself, but they lurked there, unspoken, until he entered Anglican Christianity and developed a different appreciation for Holy Writ.

This little story came to mind as I was offering the first Evensong (evening prayers) for the Feast of St. Michael and All Angels (a.k.a. Michaelmas) last night. The lessons, antiphons, and prayers all combined to create a glorious, mysterious, beautiful-but-also-somewhat-frightening-in-the-way-holy-things-are sort of picture. I found my imagination engaged in ways that stretch my mind, as well as deepen my experience of God and the Creation. They also deepen my sense of the purpose and significance of all human life, including my own.

Take the passage from Revelation found above. It calls us to visualize complex things and experiences: a throne-room, a scroll with seals, a lamb who has been slain yet lives, golden bowls of incense, heavenly worship outside of the confines of chronological time, and a cosmological song of victory at once ancient and yet eternally new—among other things! It touches our emotions and our hopes; it takes us out of anything familiar and sets us in the midst of a mystery not only to be viewed, but perceived, unwrapped, contemplated.

This is not textbook material.

This is visionary, imaginative language for realities straining our minds, let alone our words. It is a revelation of an encounter with Truth and Reality beyond what those words normally mean. It cannot be reduced to a formula or a step-by-step guide to anything. This is about being, much more than doing.

When I think seriously about it, my life as an Anglican-Catholic is profoundly subversive: a subversion of all the systems and techniques used by institutions (including the Institutional Church) to domesticate and control the often wild and always mysterious encounter with God the Holy Trinity.

Someone outside of my tradition might be tempted to say that the daily round of prayers and study in which I engage is itself a conformist, deadening routine. This would be true if the point was to turn the materials I work with into dead texts, meant only for use as tools for control or intellectual mastery. But this is not what my life as a Christian is about at all.

I read once that the mission of the Anglo-Catholic wing of the Anglican tradition was to help in the “re-enchantment of the world.” In other words, that the Western mind has become so disconnected from its spiritual self that it has sought to destroy the world as an icon of God. We are literally in the process of demonizing the earth through our economic, political, moral, and environmental efforts. Anglo-Catholics, by our insistence on sacramentality—the intrinsic holiness of Creation and its pointing to a restored and renewed Creation of which the risen life of Christ in the Church is the first-fruits—are laboring with God, the angels and the saints to reveal the truth about nature and humanity.

Part of this great ministry is the restoration of our religious imagination. Imagination here does not mean “making things up,” or escaping reality. It means the capacity to live in God’s presence and holiness, to allow the Divine Life to lift us up from mere materialism into the fullness of being itself. It means living in a state of wonder and humility, beyond any institutional objectives or controls.

Michaelmas is one of the better expressions of this sort of Christianity. The ministry of angels is both within and beyond the boundaries of this world. The psalms and readings from Sacred Scripture point us to a reality that is completely other, and yet also directly infused and pervasive in the Christian’s life. We live in a holy tension between the now and the “not-yet.” It is this productive, enchanted place that allows for God’s will to be manifested, grown into, and acted upon…not by ideologues (those who, self-sufficiently, know what is right) but by disciples (those who learn).

There are, sadly, many even in the Church who find this sort of religious imagination unappealing or unacceptable.

Some seem constitutionally challenged by this concept, and joining the culture's equation of imagination with entertainment, they tend to enforce their own limitations on the rest of us. They feast on textbooks while we crave poems. They deny access to anything before their era so as to clip off any wayward roots that might press into the mystery they themselves do not understand or like.

Others know all too well the power of a restored religious imagination; they also know that they are unable to completely control such imaginative persons. This they find intolerable (and this is true of  either the “conservative” or the “liberal” ends of the ideological spectrum). So, they marginalize the sacramental, replacing it with us/them politics and policies, “metrics for growth," "objectives," and “proven techniques.” Discussions of the deeper things of the spirit are threats; lectures on the law or what is currently in vogue are not only encouraged—but enforced. A deadening lethargy hangs above such religious communities.

But the human being has an inbuilt thirst for an imaginative encounter with God and Creation. While it is being suppressed and drowned out in us by the educational and economic clamor currently prevailing, it cannot be eradicated. Those of us who know the beautiful, complex-yet-simple truth of a living faith in a loving but utterly holy God may be marginalized by institutional objectives and obsessions, but like the holy angels who worship at the Throne of the Lamb in heaven, we will never be cut off from the source of our hope and joy.

It is this powerful and imaginative reality that I know to be reaffirmed on this Holy Day.

May the angels protect and defend all of us, and by their leading, may we all enter into the Divine Worship both on earth and—at the end of the ages—in heaven itself.


The Collect for the Feast of St. Michael and All Angels
Everlasting God, you have ordained and constituted in a wonderful order the ministries of angels and mortals: Mercifully grant that, as your holy angels always serve and worship you in heaven, so by your appointment they may help and defend us here on earth; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

Of Angels and Mortals: The Litany of the Angels



Litany of the Holy Angels
Especially for prayers in times of great need, on Monday or Tuesday (traditional days associated with the creation of the Angels), or on the feast of St. Michael and All Angels. This litany may be used after the Collects at the Daily Office, or as a separate devotion.

God the Father, Creator of the Angels,
Have mercy on us
God the Son, Lord of the Angels,
Have mercy on us
God the Holy Spirit, Life of the Angels,
Have mercy on us
Holy Trinity, delight of all the Angels,
Have mercy on us
Holy Mary,   
Pray for us
All you Choirs of Blessed Spirits,
Pray for us
Holy Seraphim, Angels of Love,
Pray for us
Holy Cherubim, Angels of the Word,
Pray for us
Holy Thrones, Angels of Life,
Pray for us
Holy Angels of Adoration,
Pray for us
Holy Dominions,
Pray for us
Holy Powers,
Pray for us
Holy Principalities,
Pray for us
Holy Virtues,
Pray for us
Holy Archangel Michael,
Pray for us
Conqueror of Lucifer,
Pray for us
Angel of Faith and Humility,
Pray for us
Guardian of the Anointing of the Sick,
Pray for us
Patron of the Dying,
Pray for us
Prince of the Heavenly Hosts,
Pray for us
Guide of souls to the judgment seat of God,
Pray for us
Holy Archangel Gabriel,
Pray for us
Angel of the Incarnation,
Pray for us
Faithful Messenger of God,
Pray for us
Angel of Hope and Peace,
Pray for us
Protector of all servants and handmaids of God,
Pray for us
Guardian of Baptism,
Pray for us
Patron of Priests,
Pray for us
Holy Archangel Raphael,
Pray for us
Angel of Divine Love,
Pray for us
Conqueror of the hellish fiend,
Pray for us
Helper in great distress,
Pray for us
Angel of suffering and of healing,
Pray for us
Patron of physicians, wanderers and travelers,
Pray for us
All Holy Archangels,
Pray for us
Angels of service before the throne of God,
Pray for us
Angels of service for mankind,
Pray for us
Holy Guardian Angels,
Pray for us
Helpers in all our needs,
Pray for us
Light in all darkness,
Pray for us
Support in all danger,
Pray for us
Admonishers of our conscience,
Pray for us
Intercessors before the throne of God,
Pray for us
Shield of defense against evil spirits,
Pray for us
Our constant companions,
Pray for us
Our safest Guides,
Pray for us
Our truest Friends,
Pray for us
Our wisest Counselors,
Pray for us
Our models of prompt obedience,
Pray for us
Mirrors of humility and sincerity,
Pray for us
All you Holy Angels,
Assist us
During Life,
Assist us
In Death,
Assist us
In heaven, we shall be grateful to you!

Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world,
Spare us, O Lord
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world,
Graciously hear us, O Lord
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world,
Have mercy on us
O Christ, hear us,       
Christ graciously hear us.

Lord, have mercy
    Christ, have mercy,
Lord, have mercy.

V. God has given his charge over you
R. To guard you in all your ways

Everlasting God, you have ordained and constituted in a wonderful order the ministries of angels and mortals: Mercifully grant that, as your holy angels always serve and worship you in heaven, so by your appointment they may help and defend us here on earth; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.  Amen.

In the Daily Office: St. Michael-and-All-Angels (September 29)


A ruined chapel of St. Michael in England;
such chapels were often built on the top
of a hill, being in the aerial domain.
A fine practice, where possible, is to make a journey
to a local summit on or around Michaelmas and offer
prayers, the Eucharist, or the Litany of the Angels.

Below are the Psalms, Antiphons, Lessons, Collect and other resources for keeping the annual Feast of the Angels in the Episcopal Calendar. When offered as a complete cycle, the Anglican Daily Office allows those of us who are not monastics to engage in a rich life of prayer—based in the Sacred Scriptures and the ongoing tradition of the Ancient & Undivided Church. By using the Prayer Book’s observance of the Calendar fully, along with a few additions from the Anglican tradition (especially the currently-out-of-print “Prayer Book Office” by Howard Galley), the Church graciously invites us into a balanced and holy Rule of Prayer suitable for a lifetime’s growth in the knowledge and love of the Lord.

Learning to pray the Daily Office is one of the greatest gifts in Anglicanism. It allows for a deep integration of prayer, Scripture, study, practice, and ministry. When we learn to become recollected in God, there is no false opposition of prayer v. action: all is one symphony of consecrated service to God and neighbor. Truly, God is “all in all” for the heart schooled in prayer!

[As with most other Feast Days, if St. Michael’s Day falls on a Sunday, it is normally observed on Monday; the First Evensong being said on Sunday evening. The form of the Office given here is that of Rite II].

At First Evening Prayer (Eve of the Feast); BCP p. 115

Psalms:

Antiphon (antiphons are said before and after a Psalm or Canticle)
The angel of the Lord encompasses those who fear him, and he will deliver them.
Psalm 34

Antiphon
The angel stood at the altar of the temple, having in his hand a golden censer, hallelujah.
Psalm 150

First Reading
Daniel 12:1-3

First Canticle
Antiphon
Angels and Archangels Thrones and Dominions, Principalities and Powers, Virtues of the heavens, O praise the Lord of heaven, alleluia.
Canticle: 13 (A Song of Praise/Benedictus es, Domine), BCP p. 90

Second Reading
Revelation 5:1-14
followed by silence

A Third Reading – from the early Church
From a homily on the Gospels (Homily 32, 8-9: PL 76, 1250-1251) by St. Gregory the Great

You should be aware that the word “angel” denotes a function rather than a nature. Those holy spirits of heaven have indeed always been spirits. They can only be called angels when they deliver some message. Moreover, those who deliver messages of lesser importance are called angels; and those who proclaim messages of supreme importance are called archangels. And so it was that not merely an angel but the archangel Gabriel was sent to the Virgin Mary. It was only fitting that the highest angel should come to announce the greatest of all messages.


Some angels are given proper names to denote the service they are empowered to perform. In that holy city, where perfect knowledge flows from the vision of almighty God, those who have no names may easily be known. But personal names are assigned to some, not because they could not be known without them, but rather to denote their ministry when they came among us. Thus, Michael means “Who is like God”; Gabriel is “The Strength of God”; and Raphael is “God’s Remedy”.


Whenever some act of wondrous power must be performed, Michael is sent, so that his action and his name may make it clear that no one can do what God does by his superior power. So also our ancient foe desired in his pride to be like God, saying: I will ascend into heaven; I will exalt my throne above the stars of heaven; I will be like the Most High. He will be allowed to remain in power until the end of the world when he will be destroyed in the final punishment. Then, he will fight with the archangel Michael, as we are told by John: A battle was fought with Michael the archangel.


So too Gabriel, who is called God’s strength, was sent to Mary. He came to announce the One who appeared as a humble man to quell the cosmic powers. Thus God’s strength announced the coming of the Lord of the heavenly powers, mighty in battle.

Raphael means, as I have said, God’s remedy, for when he touched Tobit’s eyes in order to cure him, he banished the darkness of his blindness. Thus, since he is to heal, he is rightly called God’s remedy.

Second Canticle
Antiphon
The heavenly hosts extol the son of the Most High; to him Cherubim and Seraphim continually cry, Holy!
Canticle: Song of Mary (Magnificat), BCP p. 119

Collect

(Contemporary language)
Everlasting God, you have ordained and constituted in a wonderful order the ministries of angels and mortals: Mercifully grant that, as your holy angels always serve and worship you in heaven, so by your appointment they may help and defend us here on earth; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

At Morning Prayer

Opening Scripture
Major Saints’ Days (BCP p. 77)

At the Invitatory
Antiphon for Major Saints’ Days (BCP p. 82)
Invitatory Psalm: Either Venite or Jubilate, BCP pages 82/83

Psalm
Antiphon
You have made man but little lower than the angels; you have put all things under his feet.
Psalm 8

First Reading
Job 38: 1-7

First Canticle
Antiphon
Truly I say to you, you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.
Canticle: Song of Zechariah (Benedictus), BCP 92

Second Reading
Hebrews 1:1-14

Second Canticle
Te Deum laudamus, BCP p. 95

Collect
As at First Evening Prayer

At Noonday (BCP p. 103)

Psalm
Antiphon
Bless the Lord, you angels of his, you mighty ones who do his bidding.
Psalm 103

or the following

Antiphon
Let all the angels of God worship him.
Psalm 97

Short Reading
Revelation 8:3-4

Collect
As at First Evening Prayer

[Here, or at other offices & times of prayer, may be said the Litany of the Angels]

At Second Evening Prayer, BCP p. 115

Psalm
Antiphon
You make the winds your angels, and flames of fire your servants, hallelujah.
Psalm 104

First Reading
2 Kings 6: 8-17

First Canticle
Antiphon
In the presence of the angels, I will sing your praise, O Lord.
Canticle: Song of Mary (Magnificat), BCP p. 119

Second Reading
Mark 13: 21-27

Second Canticle
Antiphon
My eyes, O Lord, have seen your salvation
Canticle: Song of Simeon (Nunc dimittis), BCP p. 120

Collect
As at first Evening Prayer